Bureaucracy is role conducted from a desk or office (deriving from the French bureau meaning desk). The bureaucratic organisation was where Kings were accompanied by Clerks and messages were sent through a bureau. Weber points out that even the armies are bureaucratised as they are a force that can be used. It isn't only the government services but also political parties, churches, educational institutions and private businesses who have bureaucracies. They all have professional staff for keeping records, sending communications etc.
As Weber points out there is also an 'ideal type' that forces there to be hierarchical divisions of labour such as rules, staff being full time, everyone living off of a salary working for the public service. Benefices work in an office with some income yielding property e.g.: a form where the highest values in bureaucracy are the ones that follow the rules. Bureaucrats don't own the 'means of administration', such as the army doesn't own their weapons or the school teachers don't own all of the equipment they use. Whereas in Medieval Times they would have owned everything they used. in Ancient Times soldiers owned their weapons, which was known as 'credentialism' which is evident in modern societies with formal educational qualifications. This is due to there being a fixed salary, all in an 'ideal type' all required for efficient functioning of an administrative machine.
The types of legitimate authority are
legal rational- (bureaucratic) this is normality, professionalism 'rule of the law'
traditional- this is to do with the family values, the way in which you have always done something.
and charismatic- powers, religion, charismatic leaders such as Obama with followers.
domination + authority= legitimacy.
The bureaucracy division of labour is applied to administration such as the instructions 'come to the factory floor' are given by the office. Weber sees bureaucracy as an important case of development for Capitalism specifically. Society is 'formally' rational when things are organised to maximise the attainment of peoples goals. It may be formally rational without being 'substantively' rational because organisation is inimical to values rationally paramount over goals served. One value is a personal freedom but bureaucracy is inimical. Weber says bureaucracy occupies the place Capitalism has for Marx who admired the enemy spreading throughout the world and into every development of life. Bureaucracy is inescapable 'essence of politics is struggle' Weber was a politician and it was said 'they will enter parliament only if it is the way to real power'.
As Weber points out there is also an 'ideal type' that forces there to be hierarchical divisions of labour such as rules, staff being full time, everyone living off of a salary working for the public service. Benefices work in an office with some income yielding property e.g.: a form where the highest values in bureaucracy are the ones that follow the rules. Bureaucrats don't own the 'means of administration', such as the army doesn't own their weapons or the school teachers don't own all of the equipment they use. Whereas in Medieval Times they would have owned everything they used. in Ancient Times soldiers owned their weapons, which was known as 'credentialism' which is evident in modern societies with formal educational qualifications. This is due to there being a fixed salary, all in an 'ideal type' all required for efficient functioning of an administrative machine.
The types of legitimate authority are
legal rational- (bureaucratic) this is normality, professionalism 'rule of the law'
traditional- this is to do with the family values, the way in which you have always done something.
and charismatic- powers, religion, charismatic leaders such as Obama with followers.
domination + authority= legitimacy.
The bureaucracy division of labour is applied to administration such as the instructions 'come to the factory floor' are given by the office. Weber sees bureaucracy as an important case of development for Capitalism specifically. Society is 'formally' rational when things are organised to maximise the attainment of peoples goals. It may be formally rational without being 'substantively' rational because organisation is inimical to values rationally paramount over goals served. One value is a personal freedom but bureaucracy is inimical. Weber says bureaucracy occupies the place Capitalism has for Marx who admired the enemy spreading throughout the world and into every development of life. Bureaucracy is inescapable 'essence of politics is struggle' Weber was a politician and it was said 'they will enter parliament only if it is the way to real power'.
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